Project Overview
- Project Name: Proposed Residential Development at Yau Tong I.L. No. 45 Tung Yuen Street, Hong Kong
- Developer: CK Asset Holdings Limited
- Architect: Spiral Architectural Design Ltd.
- Structural Engineer: C M Wong & Associates Ltd.
- Waterproofing Solution: KMK – Krystaline C-S-H Self-Healing Waterproofing Concrete Admixture
- Application Scope: Complete Basement Slabs & Substructure Retaining Walls (Site A & Site B)
Executive Summary
Constructing durable substructures in coastal and reclaimed marine environments poses severe engineering challenges. Situated directly on the Yau Tong waterfront, the residential development at Yau Tong I.L. No. 45 required an advanced structural waterproofing strategy capable of withstanding extreme hydrostatic pressure, fluctuating tides, and aggressive marine chloride attack.
To overcome the risks of membrane degradation and severe reinforcement corrosion, KMK – Krystaline C-S-H Self-Healing Waterproofing Concrete was selected to provide an integral, lifelong crystalline waterproofing system across all basement slabs and retaining walls.
Technical Challenges & Site Engineering Requirements
The Yau Tong waterfront development encompasses 886 residential units spanning two distinct sites:
- Site A: Features a 23-storey residential tower, a 1-storey club house, and a 2-storey deep basement carpark.
- Site B: Comprises two 29-storey towers, a 7-storey mixed-use building (plant rooms/club house), and a 1-storey deep basement carpark.
The Marine Substructure Threat Matrix:
- Extreme Hydrostatic Head: Immediate proximity to the Victoria Harbour shoreline meant the basement structures faced continuous water pressure from a high water table.
- Chloride-Induced Reinforcement Corrosion: Subsurface seawater contains high concentration levels of chloride ions. In conventional concrete, chloride penetration triggers pitting corrosion on steel reinforcement, leading to delamination and structural decay over time.
- Membrane Vulnerability: Traditional surface-applied sheet or liquid membranes carry high failure risks during backfilling or construction joint execution, leading to costly and disruptive post-handover leakage repairs.
The Solution: Integral C-S-H Crystalline Self-Healing Technology
Rather than relying on external barrier membranes that degrade or puncture, the engineering team specified KMK’s Krystaline C-S-H Self-Healing Waterproofing Concrete to transform the concrete mass itself into a permanent waterproof barrier.
How KMK’s Krystaline Technology Protects Substructures:
- In-Depth Crystalline Reactivity: Upon contact with moisture, KMK active chemicals react with unhydrated cement particles to produce insoluble Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) crystals deep within the capillaries and micro-voids of the concrete matrix.
- Autonomous Self-Healing: The crystalline reaction remains dormant until moisture reappears. Whenever micro-cracks form due to thermal shrinkage or settlement, the matrix reactivates to self-heal cracks, permanently blocking paths for water migration.
- Marine & Corrosion Defense: By densifying the concrete matrix and reducing permeability to near zero, KMK Krystaline prevents chloride ion ingress, effectively isolating the internal steel reinforcement from seawater corrosion.
Project Execution & Engineering Impact
KMK’s Krystaline admixture was integrated directly into the concrete mix during batching for all substructure concrete pours across Site A and Site B.
Structural Performance Outcomes:
- 100% Water Tightness: Successfully sealed deep basement slabs and perimeter retaining walls against aggressive marine hydrostatic head.
- Simplified Site Workflows: Eliminated the extra labor, curing times, and surface preparation required by external sheet membranes, accelerating the substructure construction schedule.
- Low Maintenance Risk: Delivered an integral, lifelong waterproofing defense that cannot puncture, peel, or delaminate over the building’s operational lifespan.
Looking for Advanced Waterproofing Solutions for Complex Sites?
Whether you are designing deep basements in high-water-table zones or looking for long-term corrosion protection in marine conditions, KMK Waterproofing Solutions provides technical support, mix design optimization, and site supervision.
👉 [Contact Our Structural Waterproofing Technical Team] for technical specifications, test reports, or design consultation for your upcoming project.